In modern manufacturing, CNC hardware processing housing is widely used in electronics, automobiles, aerospace and other fields, and its processing accuracy directly affects the performance and quality of the product. The accuracy of CNC hardware processing housing is affected by a variety of factors. In-depth understanding of these factors is the key to ensuring processing quality.
The accuracy of CNC machine tools is the basic factor affecting the accuracy of the processing shell. The mechanical structure stability of the machine tool, the accuracy of the transmission components and the control accuracy of the CNC system are all crucial. For example, the straightness and surface roughness of the machine tool guide rails will directly affect the accuracy of the tool motion trajectory; the pitch error and backlash of the ball screw may cause workpiece size deviation. In addition, the insufficient rotation accuracy of the machine tool spindle will cause the tool to jump during the rotation process, resulting in an uneven processing surface. With the increase in use time, the wear of machine tool parts will also lead to a decrease in accuracy. For example, the wear of the guide rails will cause the moving parts to shake, further affecting the processing accuracy.
The type, dimensional accuracy and wear of the tool have a significant impact on the accuracy of CNC hardware processing housing. Different processing technologies require the selection of appropriate tools. For example, in milling, the diameter accuracy and edge sharpness of the end mill will affect the contour processing accuracy; in drilling, the diameter deviation and insufficient rigidity of the drill bit can easily lead to out-of-tolerance hole size. During the processing process, the tool will continue to wear. After the tool is worn, the shape and size of the cutting edge change, making the size of the processed workpiece inconsistent with the design size. Especially when processing continuously for a long time or processing metal materials with higher hardness, the tool wear rate accelerates, and the impact on processing accuracy is more obvious.
Reasonable setting of processing parameters is an important link to ensure processing accuracy. Parameters such as cutting speed, feed rate and cutting depth not only affect processing efficiency, but are also closely related to processing accuracy. If the cutting speed is too high, a large amount of cutting heat will be generated, resulting in thermal deformation of the workpiece and tool, affecting dimensional accuracy; if the feed rate is too large, it may cause tool vibration, causing ripples on the processing surface and reducing surface roughness; unreasonable cutting depth will cause excessive changes in cutting force and cause deformation of the workpiece. In addition, tool path planning will also affect processing accuracy. Unreasonable tool paths may cause overcutting or undercutting, affecting the shape and dimensional accuracy of the shell.
The material properties of the hardware processing shell have an important influence on the processing accuracy. Different metal materials, such as aluminum alloy, stainless steel, copper alloy, etc., have different properties such as hardness, toughness, and thermal expansion coefficient. Materials with higher hardness are difficult to cut, the tool wears quickly, and are prone to dimensional deviation; materials with good toughness are prone to rebound during the cutting process, affecting the processing accuracy. The thermal expansion coefficient of the material should not be ignored. During the processing process, the cutting heat will increase the temperature of the workpiece. The material with a large thermal expansion coefficient will have more obvious dimensional changes. After cooling, the actual size may not match the design size.
The clamping stability of the workpiece is directly related to the processing accuracy. Insufficient accuracy and rigidity of the fixture will cause the workpiece to move or vibrate during the processing. For example, the uneven positioning surface of the fixture and the large clearance between the positioning pin and the positioning hole will cause inaccurate positioning of the workpiece and deviation in the processed size. Unreasonable clamping methods, such as excessive clamping force, will cause deformation of the workpiece; if the clamping force is too small, the stability of the workpiece during the processing cannot be guaranteed. In addition, multiple clamping may also produce cumulative errors, further reducing the processing accuracy.
The processing environment also has an important impact on the precision of CNC hardware processing housing. Environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and vibration will interfere with the processing process. Changes in workshop temperature will cause thermal expansion and contraction of machine tools and workpieces, resulting in dimensional deviations; excessive humidity may cause machine tool parts to rust, affecting their motion accuracy; external vibrations, such as vibrations generated by the operation of nearby equipment, will cause the tool to vibrate during processing, affecting the surface quality and dimensional accuracy of the processing. Therefore, maintaining a stable processing environment is crucial to ensuring processing accuracy.
The skill level and experience of the operator play a key role in the processing process. Skilled operators can reasonably select tools and process parameters according to processing requirements, accurately judge problems that arise during processing and make timely adjustments. On the contrary, if the operator is inexperienced, he may not be able to set the process parameters correctly, and improperly handle problems such as tool wear and workpiece deformation, thereby affecting processing accuracy. In addition, the operator's sense of responsibility and quality awareness will also affect the control of details in the processing process, such as whether the clamping of the workpiece and the replacement of the tool are standardized, which are closely related to the final processing accuracy.
